FAQs & Glossary2023-07-10T22:35:06+02:00

FAQs and Glossary

Welcome to our resource page, where our goal is to provide you with an extensive FAQ section and a comprehensive glossary that serves as an initiation to the structured products environment. By offering clear explanations and addressing common questions, we aim to demystify the complex terms and concepts associated with structured products & certificates, empowering you to navigate this dynamic landscape with confidence.

FAQs
about Structured Products

I’m uncertain about the advantages or what I should be seeking when considering an investment in Structured Products or Certificates. Could you clarify?2023-05-11T20:33:08+02:00

Structured Products and Certificates offer potential benefits such as customized risk/return profiles, exposure to various asset classes, and potential for enhanced returns or capital protection.

The potential for enhanced returns or capital protection in Structured Products and Certificates is achieved through their unique design, which often combines multiple financial instruments. Enhanced returns may result from leveraging, participation rates, or by investing in specific market segments. Capital protection, on the other hand, can be provided through principal protection features or risk-management strategies, ensuring that a portion or the entire initial investment is protected against potential losses.

However, it’s important to note that these features may come with trade-offs, such as lower returns or limited upside potential.When investing, consider factors such as your risk tolerance, investment objectives, product complexity, fees, and the issuer’s creditworthiness.

What is the impact of leverage on the risk-return profile of structured products?2023-03-29T12:31:23+02:00

Leverage can amplify both the potential returns and risks of a structured product. Leveraged products can offer higher potential returns if the underlying assets perform well, but they can also lead to greater losses if the assets perform poorly. Investors should carefully consider the leverage level and its impact on the product’s risk-return profile.

What are the main types of underlying assets in structured products?2023-03-29T12:30:47+02:00

Structured products can be linked to a wide range of underlying assets, including stocks, indices, bonds, commodities, currencies, and interest rates. Some products may also be linked to more complex or alternative investments, such as hedge funds, real estate, or private equity.

What are the main factors that influence the pricing of structured products?2023-03-29T12:30:09+02:00

The pricing of structured products is influenced by various factors, including the performance of the underlying assets, market volatility, interest rates, credit risk, and issuer-specific factors. Additionally, fees and other costs associated with the product can also impact its price.

How do structured products handle early redemptions?2023-03-29T12:29:32+02:00

Early redemptions in structured products may be allowed under certain conditions, such as investor requests or specific product features like callable options. In the case of early redemption, the investor may receive the current market value of the product, which could be higher or lower than the initial investment, depending on market conditions and the product’s structure.

What is the role of a distributor in the context of structured products?2023-03-29T12:28:54+02:00

A distributor is a financial institution or intermediary responsible for marketing and selling structured products to investors. Distributors can include banks, brokerage firms, and financial advisors. They play a critical role in helping investors access and understand structured products, providing product information, and facilitating transactions.

What are the main benefits of investing in structured products?2023-03-29T12:28:19+02:00

The main benefits of investing in structured products include tailored risk-return profiles, access to a wide range of underlying assets and strategies, potential for diversification, and the ability to achieve specific investment objectives, such as capital protection, yield enhancement, or market-neutral returns.

How do structured products handle dividends from the underlying assets?2023-03-29T12:27:44+02:00

The treatment of dividends from the underlying assets in a structured product depends on the product’s structure. Some products may pass through dividend income directly to the investor, while others may reinvest the dividends or incorporate them into the product’s overall return calculation. It’s important to review the product documentation to understand the dividend treatment.

Can I customize a structured product to suit my specific investment objectives?2023-03-29T12:27:05+02:00

Yes, some issuers offer tailor-made structured products that can be customized to meet an investor’s specific risk-return preferences and investment objectives. Customization may include selecting specific underlying assets, adjusting the product’s payoff profile, or incorporating additional features like barriers or caps.

What are some common structured product strategies for market-neutral investors?2023-03-29T12:26:25+02:00

Market-neutral strategies aim to generate returns irrespective of market direction. Common structured product strategies for market-neutral investors include relative value strategies, option-based strategies (such as straddles or strangles), and volatility trading strategies.

How can I assess the credit risk associated with a structured product?2023-03-29T12:25:39+02:00

The credit risk of a structured product is largely determined by the issuer’s creditworthiness. Investors can assess credit risk by reviewing the issuer’s credit ratings, financial statements, and market reputation. It’s important to note that a higher credit risk may lead to a higher potential return but also increases the likelihood of loss.

Are there any structured products specifically designed for risk-averse investors?2023-03-29T12:23:37+02:00

Yes, capital protection products are designed for risk-averse investors, as they aim to protect a portion or the entirety of the invested capital while still offering potential returns based on the performance of the underlying assets.

What is a barrier option in the context of structured products?2023-03-29T12:22:10+02:00

A barrier option is a type of derivative used in some structured products, where the option’s payoff is triggered or canceled if the underlying asset’s price reaches a predetermined barrier level. Barrier options can be used to create customized risk-return profiles in structured products.

How do I compare different structured products?2023-03-29T12:21:37+02:00

When comparing structured products, consider factors like the underlying assets, product structure, payoff profile, fees, issuer creditworthiness, and regulatory protections. Comparing Key Information Documents (KIDs) and termsheets can provide valuable insights into the products’ features and risks.

What are the main factors that influence the performance of structured products?2023-03-29T12:21:05+02:00

The performance of structured products is influenced by factors such as the underlying assets’ performance, market volatility, interest rates, credit risk, and issuer-specific factors.

Can I combine structured products with traditional investments in my portfolio?2023-03-29T12:20:29+02:00

Yes, structured products can be combined with traditional investments like stocks, bonds, and mutual funds to enhance portfolio diversification and potentially achieve specific investment objectives.

What is an autocallable structured product?2023-03-29T12:19:54+02:00

An autocallable structured product is a type of callable product that can be automatically terminated by the issuer if the underlying asset(s) reach a predetermined level on a specific observation date. This may result in the investor receiving their capital and a predefined return earlier than the product’s maturity.

What is the role of a market maker in structured products?2023-03-29T12:19:21+02:00

A market maker is a financial institution that quotes both buy and sell prices for a structured product, facilitating liquidity and secondary market trading. Market makers can help investors sell their structured products before maturity, but the prices they offer may be subject to market conditions and the product’s liquidity.

What is a payoff profile in the context of structured products?2023-03-29T12:18:30+02:00

The payoff profile describes the potential returns of a structured product based on the performance of the underlying assets. The profile can help investors understand the product’s risk-reward characteristics and make informed investment decisions.

Can I invest in structured products denominated in different currencies?2023-03-29T12:07:30+02:00

Yes, structured products can be denominated in various currencies, allowing investors to gain exposure to foreign exchange rates. However, this comes with additional currency risk, which can impact the product’s returns.

What is the secondary market for structured products?2023-03-29T12:06:54+02:00

The secondary market is where investors can buy and sell structured products after their initial issuance. Trading on the secondary market can offer liquidity, but prices may be subject to market conditions and the specific product’s characteristics.

How do interest rates affect structured products?2023-03-29T12:06:16+02:00

Interest rates can have a significant impact on the pricing and performance of structured products. Rising interest rates may decrease the value of fixed-income components and affect the cost of hedging strategies, while falling interest rates may have the opposite effect.

Are there any structured products specifically designed for income generation?2023-03-29T12:05:33+02:00

Yes, some structured products are designed to generate regular income, such as coupon-bearing products or those linked to dividend-paying assets. However, these products may have different risk profiles, so it’s essential to carefully review the product details before investing.

How can I monitor the performance of my structured product investment?2023-03-29T12:04:55+02:00

You can monitor the performance of your structured product by regularly reviewing the product’s market value, tracking the performance of the underlying assets, and staying updated on market developments. Some issuers and distributors also provide online platforms for monitoring product performance.

What is the difference between a callable and a non-callable structured product?2023-03-29T12:04:20+02:00

A callable structured product allows the issuer to terminate the product before its maturity under certain conditions, while a non-callable product does not have this feature. Callable products may offer higher potential returns, but they come with the risk of early termination.

What is the role of the issuer in a structured product?2023-03-29T12:03:39+02:00

The issuer is responsible for creating, pricing, and managing the structured product. The issuer’s creditworthiness is crucial, as it affects the product’s credit risk and the likelihood of receiving the promised returns.

What are the derivative maps produced by EUSIPA and SSPA?2023-03-29T12:02:51+02:00

The derivative maps produced by EUSIPA and SSPA are visual representations of the payoffs and risks associated with different types of structured products. They provide a standardized way of presenting complex product features and are intended to help investors and financial professionals better understand the products they are considering.

How do I choose the right structured product for my investment goals?2023-03-29T12:02:04+02:00

To choose the right structured product, consider your risk tolerance, investment objectives, and financial situation. Consult a financial advisor for personalized advice and thoroughly review product documentation, such as the KID, termsheet, and simplified product information.

Are there any ESG-focused structured products available in Switzerland?2023-03-29T12:01:30+02:00

Yes, there are structured products available that focus on environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors, offering investors a way to align their investments with their sustainability preferences.

How do interest rates affect structured products?2023-03-25T22:54:54+01:00

Interest rates can have a significant impact on the pricing and performance of structured products. Rising interest rates may decrease the value of fixed-income components and affect the cost of hedging strategies, while falling interest rates may have the opposite effect.

Are there any structured products specifically designed for income generation?2023-03-25T22:54:22+01:00

Yes, some structured products are designed to generate regular income, such as coupon-bearing products or those linked to dividend-paying assets. However, these products may have different risk profiles, so it’s essential to carefully review the product details before investing.

How can I monitor the performance of my structured product investment?2023-03-25T22:53:49+01:00

You can monitor the performance of your structured product by regularly reviewing the product’s market value, tracking the performance of the underlying assets, and staying updated on market developments. Some issuers and distributors also provide online platforms for monitoring product performance.

Can structured products provide diversification to my portfolio?2023-03-25T22:49:14+01:00

Structured products can offer diversification benefits by providing exposure to various asset classes, investment strategies, and risk-return profiles.

Are structured products considered high-risk investments?2023-03-25T22:48:40+01:00

The risk level of structured products can vary significantly, with some products considered low-risk and others considered high-risk. Investors should carefully assess the risk profile of a product before investing.

What is the minimum investment amount for structured products?2023-03-25T22:48:06+01:00

The minimum investment amount for structured products can vary, but it is generally around 1,000 to 5,000 CHF.

Is it required for me to have an account with the issuer to subscribe to their offered structured product, or can I utilize an alternate account?2023-03-25T22:47:17+01:00

You do not necessarily have to own an account with the issuer when you want to subscribe to a structured product. You can often purchase structured products through a broker or financial institution that offers access to a variety of investment products.

Can I invest in structured products through my existing brokerage account?2023-03-25T22:44:25+01:00

Yes, most structured products can be purchased through traditional brokerage accounts or online trading platforms.

What is the difference between capital protection products and yield enhancement products?2023-03-25T22:29:05+01:00

Capital protection products aim to protect a portion or the entirety of the invested capital, while yield enhancement products seek to generate higher returns by taking on additional risks, such as selling options.

What is the function of EUSIPA, and what does it aim to accomplish?2023-03-25T21:31:12+01:00

The role of EUSIPA (European Structured Investment Products Association) is to represent and promote the interests of the structured products industry in Europe, including market standards, regulations, and education.

Are structured products regulated in Europe?2023-03-25T21:30:31+01:00

Yes, structured products are regulated in Europe. They are subject to regulatory oversight by national regulators and the European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) to ensure investor protection and market stability.

Are structured products regulated in Switzerland?2023-03-24T22:06:29+01:00

Yes, structured products are regulated by the Swiss Financial Market Supervisory Authority (FINMA) and are subject to Swiss financial market laws and regulations.

How can I access information about structured products?2023-03-24T22:05:46+01:00

Investors can obtain information about structured products from product issuers, distributors, financial advisors, or regulatory authorities. Key documents include the Key Information Document (KID), product termsheet, and simplified product information.

What are the fees associated with investing in structured products?2023-03-24T22:04:55+01:00

Fees can include issuance fees, distribution fees, management fees, trading fees, and currency conversion fees. These fees may be embedded in the product’s price or charged separately.

Can I sell my structured product before its maturity?2023-03-24T22:04:21+01:00

Yes, most structured products can be sold before their maturity, but liquidity and pricing may vary depending on market conditions.

How are structured products taxed in Switzerland?2023-03-24T22:03:34+01:00

The taxation of structured products in Switzerland depends on the type of product, its underlying assets, and the investor’s tax residency. Capital gains on structured products held as private assets are generally tax-free, while interest and dividend income may be subject to withholding tax.

What are the risks associated with investing in structured products?2023-03-24T22:02:59+01:00

Risks can vary depending on the specific product, but common risks include market risk, credit risk, liquidity risk, and currency risk.

Are structured products suitable for all investors?2023-03-24T22:01:57+01:00

Structured products can be suitable for a wide range of investors, depending on their risk tolerance, investment objectives, and financial circumstances. However, they may not be suitable for everyone, as some products can be complex and involve a higher level of risk.

In which countries in Europe are Structured Products issued and available to investors?2023-05-07T20:39:40+02:00

Structured products are issued and available to investors in many countries in Europe, including but not limited to: Germany, Austria, France, the United Kingdom, Italy, Spain, Luxemburg, Belgium, and the Netherlands. The availability of structured products may vary from country to country, depending on local regulations and market conditions.

In Europe what are the most common Structured Products available to retail?2023-03-24T21:56:01+01:00

In Europe, the most common structured products available to retail investors are structured notes, which are debt securities with embedded derivatives, and structured deposits, which are time deposits with payoffs linked to underlying assets.

Are Structured Products categorized in Europe?2023-03-24T21:54:07+01:00

Yes, structured products are categorized in Europe based on their complexity and risk profile. The European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) has established a framework for the classification of structured products, which includes four categories: non-complex, complex, non-transferrable, and insurance-based.

How are structured products categorized in Switzerland?2023-03-24T21:50:50+01:00

Structured products in Switzerland are categorized into five main types: capital protection products, yield enhancement products, participation products, leverage products, and investment strategies.

What are structured products?2023-03-24T22:01:03+01:00

Structured products are financial instruments that combine various assets, such as stocks, bonds, or derivatives, to create a product with specific risk-return characteristics. They are designed to offer tailored investment solutions based on an investor’s risk appetite and return expectations.

GLOSSARY
about Structured Products

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Actively Managed Certificates (AMC) are financial instruments that require active management and are based on dynamic investment strategies. The underlying asset is managed according to the investment guidelines specified by the Investor Advisor.

An American option is a type of financial contract that can be exercised at any time until the maturity date, unlike a European option.

Ask price is the price at which a seller is willing to sell a security, such as a stock or bond, in the financial markets. It is the price quoted by market makers, brokers, or other sellers to potential buyers, and represents the lowest price at which the seller is willing to sell the security at that point in time. The ask price is typically displayed along with the bid price, which is the highest price a buyer is willing to pay for the security, and the spread, which is the difference between the bid and ask prices.

At the money is a term used in the context of financial derivatives, such as options and warrants, to describe a situation where the current market price of the underlying asset is roughly equal to the strike price of the option or warrant.

Autocall Trigger Level is a term used in structured products to describe a specific level that the price of the underlying asset must reach or exceed on the observation date in order to trigger an automatic early redemption of the product. This level is predetermined and defined in the term sheet of the product. If the price of the underlying asset reaches or exceeds the Autocall Trigger Level on one of the predefined observation days, early redemption is triggered automatically.

Autocall products allow early redemption of the nominal if certain conditions are met: if the price of the underlying* reaches or exceeds the autocall trigger level on one of the predefined observation days, early redemption is triggered automatically.

Barrier level is a term used in structured products to refer to a predetermined price level for an underlying asset. If the price of the underlying asset reaches or falls below the barrier level, it can trigger certain actions, such as a change in the payout or the early redemption of the structured product. Barriers can be set as absolute levels, such as a specific price, or as relative levels, such as a certain percentage of the initial price.

In a barrier observation on daily close, the barrier is only considered touched or breached if the daily closing prices of the underlying asset meet the predetermined level.

Barrier observation at expiry implies that the price of the underlying asset is only considered relevant for a barrier touch at the expiration date.

A collection of individual assets, such as stocks, bonds, or commodities. These assets are usually selected based on a specific sector or theme, and are used to create a diversified portfolio that can help to reduce risk. Basket-based structured products, such as tracker certificates, are designed to track the performance of a predefined basket of assets. The performance of the basket is usually measured by an index or benchmark, and investors can gain exposure to the basket through the structured product without having to directly own or manage the underlying assets.

A structured product can be purchased at the current bid price. For products that are less liquid, the bid and ask prices are provided by the market maker. In this case, the bid price is below the ask price.

The difference between the purchase and sale price. The amount of the bid-ask spread depends on the liquidity of the underlying and the underlying volatility. The quality of the market maker also has an important impact on the spread. If the market making does not attract a lot of attention, it often results in a high spread, too little volume or even an absence of bid and ask prices.

Value of the interest-bearing component (bond component) of a structured product. Required mainly for modified differential taxation.

The Bonus Level corresponds to the Strike Level of a Bonus Certificate. It indicates the minimum amount an investor will receive if the Barrier is not breached.

The Bonus yield indicates the return that is possible as a result of the Bonus. At issue Date, it corresponds approximately to the sideways yield. As soon as the price of the Product is above the Bonus Level, the Bonus yield is zero.

Call option is a financial contract that gives the holder the right, but not the obligation, to buy an underlying asset at a specified price (strike price) within a certain period of time (expiration date). Call options are typically used to speculate on the price of an asset rising, and can provide investors with the opportunity to profit from such price movements without having to directly own the asset.

Cap in a structured product is a feature that limits the potential return that the investor can earn on the investment. The cap sets a maximum return level that the investor can receive, regardless of how much the underlying asset may appreciate. Caps can help to protect the investor from downside risk and provide a known maximum return, but they may also limit the potential upside of the investment.

The capital protection level corresponds to the guaranteed minimum redemption to the investor by the issuer at expiry, irrespective of the performance of the underlying.

When a structured product reaches the end of its term, the nominal is redeemed. The issuer can carry out the redemption according to the term sheet via physical delivery of the underlying or as a cash settlement. With cash settlement, the investor receives the value (as of the date of the final fixing) of the product in cash on the redemption date.

Certificate in structured products is a type of financial instrument that offers exposure to an underlying asset or group of assets. It is issued by a financial institution and provides investors with a way to gain exposure to the performance of the underlying asset, without having to directly own or manage the asset. Certificates can be structured in various ways, and can include features such as caps, floors, and barriers that limit the potential returns and risks of the investment.

Continuous barrier observation refers to the condition where every price point of the underlying asset, recorded during trading hours throughout the entire term of the structured product, is taken into account for determining whether the barrier level has been reached or not.

Conversion ratio is the quantity of underlying assets that are represented by a structured product.

COSI refers to a segment of structured products that offer additional security to investors against the risk of issuer default. These collateral-secured certificates are backed by collateral in the form of a pledge based on the market price and fair value of the product, which is deposited with SIX Swiss Exchange. The use of collateral helps to minimize the risk to investors and provides an added layer of protection. These collateral-secured certificates are designated with the “COSI” extension to indicate that they are collateral-secured instruments.

Credit quality in structured products refers to the creditworthiness and financial stability of the issuer of the structured product. The credit quality is assessed by credit rating agencies, who evaluate the issuer’s ability to meet its financial obligations and pay back its debts. Credit quality is an important factor in assessing the risk of investing in structured products because it can impact the likelihood of the issuer defaulting on its obligations. Structured products with a higher credit quality are generally considered to be less risky than those with a lower credit quality.

Derivatives are financial instruments that derive their value from an underlying asset or group of assets. They are contracts between two or more parties that agree to buy or sell the underlying asset at a future date and at a predetermined price. Derivatives can be used to hedge against market risks or to speculate on price movements in various asset classes, such as stocks, commodities, and currencies. Examples of derivatives include options, futures, forwards, and swaps.

The discount refers to the reduction in price when compared to the cost of making a direct investment in the underlying asset.

Distance to barrier in a structured product refers to the difference between the current price of the underlying asset and the barrier level specified in the product’s terms. It is a measure of how close the underlying asset’s price is to breaching the barrier level, and it can be used to assess the risk of the structured product. If the distance to barrier is small, the likelihood of the barrier being breached is higher, which increases the risk of the product. Conversely, if the distance to barrier is large, the risk of the product is lower.

Distance to strike in a structured product refers to the difference between the current price of the underlying asset and the strike price specified in the product’s terms. It is a measure of how close the underlying asset’s price is to the strike price, and it can be used to assess the potential profitability of the structured product. If the distance to strike is small, the potential profit of the product is higher if the underlying asset’s price rises or falls to the strike price. Conversely, if the distance to strike is large, the potential profit of the product is lower.

Under this type of barrier in a structured product, the performance of the underlying asset during the product’s term is irrelevant. The only factor that matters is the underlying asset’s price on the final fixing date. For a European barrier, the barrier is considered breached only if the underlying asset’s price is at or below the barrier level on the final fixing date.

Eusipa is a European industry association that represents the interests of the structured investment products and derivatives industry. Eusipa provides a platform for its members to discuss and address regulatory and market issues related to structured products and derivatives in Europe.

Investment funds that can be traded on an exchange like stocks or structured products. The most popular ETFs are based on indexes and precious metals.

Fair value is an estimated value of a structured product that considers factors like dividends, interest rates, volatility, and regulations. It is calculated based on the product’s payoff function at maturity. Theoretical models like Black and Scholes are used to determine fair value, but it can vary depending on the specific model used and should be considered only as an indication.

The final day of a structured product’s term.

FINMA stands for Swiss Financial Market Supervisory Authority. It is the primary regulatory body responsible for supervising and regulating the financial markets in Switzerland, including banks, insurance companies, stock exchanges, and other financial intermediaries. FINMA’s mission is to ensure the stability, integrity, and transparency of the Swiss financial system while protecting investors and consumers.

Floor is a type of protection that limits potential losses on the underlying asset or the product itself. The floor sets a minimum price level that the underlying asset must reach before the product can be redeemed or before the investor can participate in potential returns. Floors can help reduce the risk of investing in the product, but may also limit the potential returns.

Floored floaters are a type of financial product that provide complete capital protection in their reference currency when they mature, along with variable coupon payments. These payments are tied to a particular reference interest rate, which means they can fluctuate.

Futures are financial contracts that obligate the buyer to purchase an asset, or the seller to sell an asset, at a predetermined future date and price. These contracts are typically traded on an exchange and can involve assets like commodities, stocks, or currencies. In simple terms, futures allow investors to lock in a price today for an asset they plan to buy or sell at a later date, helping them manage price fluctuations and reduce risk.

An exchange that facilitates the trading of unsecuritized derivatives, such as options and futures, is known as a futures exchange. The EUREX is a globally recognized example of a futures exchange.

Fair value is an estimated value of a structured product that considers factors like dividends, interest rates, volatility, and regulations. It is calculated based on the product’s payoff function at maturity. Theoretical models like Black and Scholes are used to determine fair value, but it can vary depending on the specific model used and should be considered only as an indication.

The final day of a structured product’s term.

FINMA stands for Swiss Financial Market Supervisory Authority. It is the primary regulatory body responsible for supervising and regulating the financial markets in Switzerland, including banks, insurance companies, stock exchanges, and other financial intermediaries. FINMA’s mission is to ensure the stability, integrity, and transparency of the Swiss financial system while protecting investors and consumers.

Floor is a type of protection that limits potential losses on the underlying asset or the product itself. The floor sets a minimum price level that the underlying asset must reach before the product can be redeemed or before the investor can participate in potential returns. Floors can help reduce the risk of investing in the product, but may also limit the potential returns.

Floored floaters are a type of financial product that provide complete capital protection in their reference currency when they mature, along with variable coupon payments. These payments are tied to a particular reference interest rate, which means they can fluctuate.

Futures are financial contracts that obligate the buyer to purchase an asset, or the seller to sell an asset, at a predetermined future date and price. These contracts are typically traded on an exchange and can involve assets like commodities, stocks, or currencies. In simple terms, futures allow investors to lock in a price today for an asset they plan to buy or sell at a later date, helping them manage price fluctuations and reduce risk.

An exchange that facilitates the trading of unsecuritized derivatives, such as options and futures, is known as a futures exchange. The EUREX is a globally recognized example of a futures exchange.

Hedging, in its simplest form, is a strategy used to protect investments from potential losses. It involves taking a position in a related financial instrument, such as options or futures, to offset the risk associated with the original investment. In other words, hedging aims to minimize or eliminate the impact of negative price movements on an investment, acting like an insurance policy for the investor.

A call option is in the money if the price of the underlying is well above the strike price. A put option is in the money if the price of the underlying is well below the strike price.

The initial fixing date in structured products is the date on which the value of the underlying asset is determined and the terms of the product are set. It marks the beginning of the observation period, during which the performance of the underlying asset is monitored to determine the return on the structured product. The initial fixing date is typically specified in the termsheet of the product and is important because it sets the starting point for the calculation of the investor’s potential returns

The ISIN is the international form of the Swiss security identification number (Valorennummer, or Wertpapierkennnummer in Germany). ISIN stands for international securities identification number. It always has 12 digits and includes a country identifier. The ISIN of Swiss securities begins with «CH»; that of German securities begins with «DE».

Issue (from the Latin word exeo = go out, go forth) is the issuance of securities. It refers to the public offering of a security for purchase on a regulated market.

Issuer refers to the distributor of a structured product. Structured products are considered debentures of the issuer from a legal perspective, and investors who purchase them become creditors of the product’s issuer.

The risk issuer refers to the risk that the issuer of a structured product may default on its obligation to pay the promised returns to the investors. In structured products, the issuer is typically a bank or financial institution that issues the product and guarantees its return.

The knock-out level is a predetermined price level of an underlying instrument, which when breached or touched, causes a knock-out warrant to expire prematurely.

Leveraged/geared products often experience more significant increases or decreases in value compared to the underlying instrument’s price movements. The degree of these value disparities is measured by leverage/gearing.

Liquidity is an indication of how easily a financial instrument can be traded. A measure of how easily a financial instrument can be traded is known as liquidity. It is ensured by the issuer or market maker through the continuous quotation of buy and sell prices.

Listed structured products are investment instruments that are traded on public exchanges or markets, such as stock exchanges. They have defined features and payout structures, which are determined by the issuer and are known to investors at the time of purchase. These products are available to retail investors and can be bought and sold during market hours, similar to other securities such as stocks or bonds.

Lock-in structured products allow investors to fix their potential profits. If the price of the underlying asset reaches the lock-in level, a redemption amount is paid out at the end of the term that is at least equal to the lock-in level, regardless of the price movement of the underlying asset during the term.

In lookback options, the barrier and/or strike level is set only after a specified lookback period, during which the underlying asset’s price is observed. This period allows investors to benefit from more favorable price movements of the underlying asset and may provide greater protection against adverse price movements.

Those who provide continuous bid and ask prices to ensure the tradability (market liquidity) of securities are known as market makers.

Last day of the term of a structured product. At maturity, a certificate or warrant can be repaid through cash settlement or physical delivery of the underlying instruments.

Non-listed structured products are investment instruments that are not traded on public exchanges or markets. They are usually created by financial institutions and have complex features and payout structures that are tailored to meet the specific needs of individual investors. These products are typically sold over the counter (OTC) to high net worth individuals or institutional investors.

Non-listed structured products are investment instruments that are not traded on public exchanges or markets. They are usually created by financial institutions and have complex features and payout structures that are tailored to meet the specific needs of individual investors. These products are typically sold over the counter (OTC) to high net worth individuals or institutional investors.

A standardized option is a financial contract that gives the holder the right to buy (call) or sell (put) a specific quantity of an underlying asset at a predetermined price and time (for European-style options) or during a specific period (for American-style options).

OTC (over the counter) refers to a financial transaction that takes place off-exchange, meaning it is not traded on a public exchange. Instead, the transaction is negotiated and agreed upon between two parties.

Out of the money refers to a situation in which the current market price of the underlying asset is not favorable to the holder of an option. Specifically, if the price of the underlying asset is below the strike price for a call option or above the strike price for a put option, the option is considered to be out of the money.

Participation refers to an investor’s exposure to the underlying asset or assets, and the potential returns or losses associated with that exposure. The level of participation can be determined by the product’s terms and can vary depending on the specific product. In some cases, structured products may offer full participation in the underlying asset’s performance, while in other cases, the participation may be limited by a cap or other restrictions.

Payout profile refers to the pattern of potential returns that the product offers to investors over the product’s lifetime. The payout profile is determined by the product’s structure and features, such as the strike price, the underlying asset, and the maturity date.

Performance is the price development of a security. Description of the performance is usually based on a specific period of time (e.g. one year) and expressed as a percentage.

If a structured product provides for physical delivery of the underlying instrument upon maturity, the corresponding number of underlying instruments will be credited to the holder’s account on the maturity date if the conditions have been met. However, physical delivery is typically only applicable for products based on shares, while other products are settled in cash at maturity (cash settlement).

Typically, buying a leveraged product and then immediately exercising the associated option to purchase or sell the underlying asset would be more costly than directly purchasing or selling the asset in the market. The difference in cost is known as the premium, which represents the additional expense incurred by using a leveraged product such as a warrant.

The period between the issuance of a product and when it is fully paid for. The primary market of structured products is where new structured products are first issued and sold by the issuer to investors. It is the initial stage of the product’s lifecycle and involves creating, pricing, and selling the product to investors.

Currency in structured products refers to the currency in which the investment instrument is traded, bought or sold. It is not necessarily the same as the currency of the underlying asset or the strike level. The choice of currency can impact the pricing, risks, and returns of the structured product.

Product types refer to the specific structures or designs of structured products that are available to investors. In Europe and Switzerland, these types can include autocallables, reverse convertibles, digital options, and barrier options, among others.

A put option/warrant gives the holder the right to sell a specific amount of an underlying security at a predetermined price during a specified period of time (American-style) or at a specific point in time (European-style). As the price of the underlying security decreases, the value of the option right increases, making the option more valuable. Therefore, the buyer of a put option benefits from a decline in the price of the underlying security.

The quanto feature allows the elimination of exchange rate risks for products where the product currency is not the currency of the underlying.

The prices at which issuers continuously offer to buy and sell their structured products are commonly known as “quotes”. A quote includes the security symbol, security number (ISIN), a bid price along with the size offered, and an ask price with the corresponding size.

In the world of structured products, rating refers to the evaluation of the creditworthiness and financial stability of the issuer of the structured product. The rating agency assesses the creditworthiness of the issuer and assigns a rating based on various factors, including financial strength, default risk, and market reputation. The rating is an indicator of the likelihood that the issuer will default on their obligations and can be used by investors to assess the risk of investing in the structured product. of the product, the product is redeemed after a certain period of time. The exception is products that expire with no value, such as knock-out warrants.

A product is redeemed on its redemption date. This can be made through a cash settlement in the form of a monetary booking or via the actual deliver

A reverse convertible offers a fixed interest rate (coupon) that is usually higher than current market rates. At maturity, the issuer can either pay back the nominal value or deliver a set number of underlying shares. If the share price is below the strike price on the valuation date, repayment is usually made in shares. However, if the share price drops significantly, the interest payments may not be enough to cover the loss, resulting in potential losses for investors.

Many structured products offer an attractive return even when the price of the underlying falls, as long as it does not touch or go below a fixed barrier. The current distance of the underlying to this barrier is called the risk buffer.

Structured products can generate attractive returns even when the price of the underlying instrument falls slightly, as long as a predetermined safety threshold is not breached. The current price difference between the underlying instrument and this threshold is called the “safety buffer”.

The secondary market of structured products is where already-issued structured products are bought and sold by investors after the initial issuance in the primary market. It is the market where investors can trade structured products with other investors rather than buying them directly from the issuer. The secondary market provides liquidity to investors who wish to exit their positions or purchase more of the structured product.Security/SIN The securities identification number (Valorennummer) is the identifying number assigned to all securities listed on the Swiss exchange. In Germany, the equivalent is the Wertpapierkennnummer.

SIX Exchange is a Swiss stock exchange that provides a trading platform for various financial products, including structured products. It is a popular exchange for trading structured products due to its transparent and regulated trading environment. SIX Exchange allows investors to buy and sell structured products listed on the exchange, providing liquidity and price transparency to the market.

Softcallable is a type of structured product that allows the issuer to redeem the product early, but only under certain conditions specified in the product’s terms. These conditions may include a certain price threshold being met or a specific time period passing. Softcallable products usually offer higher yields than traditional bonds because of the potential for early redemption, but this feature also exposes investors to more risk.

Issuers typically maintain bid and ask prices for their issued securities, even if the market is not active. This helps ensure that the securities remain tradable. The difference between the bid and ask prices is known as the “spread.”

Typically, the option component of a structured product determines the Strike Level. This level serves as the baseline for an investor’s involvement in the appreciation (call) or depreciation (put) of the underlying asset.

A structured product is a financial product that combines traditional instruments with derivatives to create a unique investment opportunity. It is packaged and issued by a financial institution as a stand-alone product.

The subscription period is the period during which an investor can subscribe to a new structured product before purchasing it later at the issuance terms and conditions.

A termsheet for a structured product is a document that outlines the terms and conditions of the product. It includes information such as the underlying asset, the payout structure, the barrier levels, the observation period, and the maturity date. The termsheet provides investors with a clear understanding of how the structured product works and what their potential returns and risks are.

An option or warrant’s price comprises two elements: the “intrinsic value” and the “time value.” The time value component is impacted not only by fluctuations in the underlying asset’s price but also by shifts in other factors like volatility, interest rates, and dividends.

A tracker certificate is a type of investment product that follows the performance of a specific financial market index, such as the S&P 500. The value of the tracker certificate rises or falls in line with the index it tracks. It provides investors with an easy way to gain exposure to a particular market without having to buy and manage the individual stocks or assets within that market.

Twin-win certificates offer investors the opportunity to potentially gain from both increasing and decreasing prices of the underlying asset. Nonetheless, if the underlying asset’s price experiences a significant drop, there is a risk that a specified safety barrier may be crossed. If this occurs, investors may face substantial losses.

The underlying in structured products is the asset or financial instrument on which the product is based. It can be a single asset or a basket of assets, such as stocks, bonds, commodities, or currencies. The performance of the underlying asset(s) determines the return on the structured product.

The Valor code is a unique identifier assigned to a specific structured product by the Swiss Structured Products Association (SSPA). It allows for easy identification and tracking of the product on the market.

is a measure of how much the price of a financial instrument, like a stock or a bond, changes over time. It gives you an idea of the ups and downs or the “bumpiness” of the investment. Higher volatility means the price can change dramatically in a short period, while lower volatility indicates more stable and steady price movements. Understanding volatility can help you assess the potential risks and rewards associated with an investment.

The Valor code is a unique identifier assigned to a specific structured product by the Swiss Structured Products Association (SSPA). It allows for easy identification and tracking of the product on the market.

is a measure of how much the price of a financial instrument, like a stock or a bond, changes over time. It gives you an idea of the ups and downs or the “bumpiness” of the investment. Higher volatility means the price can change dramatically in a short period, while lower volatility indicates more stable and steady price movements. Understanding volatility can help you assess the potential risks and rewards associated with an investment.

It is a financial instrument that gives you the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell an underlying asset (such as a stock) at a specific price, called the “strike price,” before a certain expiration date. Warrants are similar to options, but they are issued by companies themselves, rather than traded on an exchange. Investing in warrants allows you to potentially profit from the price movements of the underlying asset without directly owning it, but keep in mind that if the warrant is not exercised before its expiration date, it becomes worthless.

Worst-off feature is a type of protection that is offered in some structured products. It guarantees that the investor will receive at least the worst performance among a group of underlying assets, even if the actual return on the investment is negative. This means that if the value of one or more assets in the group drops significantly, the investor will still receive the promised minimum return. The worst-off feature is intended to provide investors with some level of downside protection and reduce their exposure to risk.

Yield Enhancement Products are a popular type of Structured Investment Product in Switzerland, with a limited return potential due to a set threshold or cap. These products are also known as Maximum Return products. In exchange, investors receive either a discount on the underlying asset (in the case of Discount Certificates) or a coupon (in the case of Barrier Reverse Convertibles or Reverse Convertibles). Yield Enhancement Products are designed to generate greater profits than a direct investment in the underlying asset, particularly in sideways trading markets.

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